2016 Term

This collection of 2016 Term Supreme Court citation networks was created with a free online tool available on CourtListener. Every case decided by the Court in the 2016 Term is in the table below with links to CourtListener network visualizations and SCOTUSBlog entries. You can sort table data by column values including network age, number of network cases, and degree of dissent. Read more about our terminology and method below. This collection is part of the SCOTUS Map Library developed by the Supreme Court Mapping Project.

Network Terminology ~ Method ~ 2016 Term Statistics ~ Collaborate

2016 Term Case (link to CourtListener Visualization)	Decided	Law at Issue (link to SCOTUSBlog)	Network Anchor	Decided	Network Age	3D cases	3D DOD	2D cases	2D DOD
Bosse v. Oklahoma	2016-10-11	Eighth Amendment	Booth	1987-09-21	29.08	8	0.82	3	0.88
Bravo-Fernandez v. United States	2016-11-29	Double Jeopardy and 18 U. S. C. §666	Dunn	1932-01-11	84.94	13	0.48	5	0.2
State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Rigsby	2016-12-06	False Claims Act	Montalvo	1990-05-29	26.54	2	0.75	2	0.75
Salman v. United States	2016-12-06	10(b) of SEA and SEC Rule 10b-5	Dirks	1983-07-01	33.46	6	0.5	3	0.75
Samsung Electronics Co. v. Apple Inc	2016-12-06	35 U. S. C. §289 Patent Act	American Fruit Growers	1931-03-02	85.82	3	0.5	3	0.5
Shaw v. United States	2016-12-12	18 U. S. C. §1344(1)	Callanan	1961-02-20	55.85	7	0.67	2	1
White v. Pauly	2017-01-09	Qualified Immunity	Anderson	1987-06-25	29.56	19	0.4	8	0.17
Lightfoot v. Cendant Mortgage Corp	2017-01-18	12 U. S. C. §1723a(a)	Califano	1977-02-23	39.93	4	0.25	2	0
Buck v. Davis	2017-02-22	28 U. S. C. §2254 and Ineffective Assistance of Counsel	Strickland	1984-06-25	32.68	33	0.56	6	0.3
Life Technologies Corp. v. Promega Corp	2017-02-22	§271(f)(1) of the Patent Act	Deepsouth Packing	1972-05-30	44.76	4	0.75	3	0.63
Fry v. Napoleon Community Schools	2017-02-22	Individuals with Disabilities Education Act	Rowley	1982-06-28	34.68	6	0.4	5	0.5
Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. of Elections	2017-03-01	Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause & Voting Rights Act of 1965	Shaw	1993-06-28	23.69	25	0.73	10	0.78
Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado	2017-03-06	Colorado Rule of Evidence 606(b) & the Sixth Amendment	Reid	1852-02-18	165.16	13	0.31	4	0
Beckles v. United States	2017-03-06	U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 4B1.2(a)(2) & the Due Process Clause	Mistretta	1989-01-18	28.15	24	0.59	8	0.64
Rippo v. Baker	2017-03-06	the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment	Withrow	1975-04-16	41.92	7	0.29	4	0.25

2016 Term Statistics

Number of networks from 2015 Term: 15.
Average age of network:50.41 years. Median age of network:34.68 years.
Average number of 3D cases:11.6. Median number of 3D cases:7.
Average number of 2D cases:4.53. Median number of 2D cases:4.
Average 3D Degree of Dissent:0.5333. Median 3D Degree of Dissent:0.5.
Average 2D Degree of Dissent:0.49. Median 2D Degree of Dissent:0.5.

Network Terminology

Supreme Court citation networks show the citation connections between two Court cases. Every network connects two cases, the 2016 Term Case and the Network Anchor Case.
The Network Age expresses the amount of time (in years) between the time the Anchor Case was decided and when the 2015 Term Case was decided.
The "D" in "3D" and "2D" stands for "degree of connection." Since the 2016 Term Case always cites the Network Anchor Case, those cases are 1-degree connected.
The 2D cases column gives the number of 2-degree connections that exist between the 2016 Term Case and the Network Anchor Case - that is, how many cases exist in the network that are cited by the 2016 Term Case AND in turn cite the Network Anchor. For example, Case X would be a 2D case if the 2016 Term Case cited Case X and Case X in turn cited the Network Anchor Case. Please note that the 2D case number includes the two 1D cases (2015 Term Case + Network Anchor).
The 3D cases column gives the number of 3-degree connections that exist between the 2016 Term Case and the Network Anchor Case. 3D cases are those that are cited by a 2D case AND in turn cite the Network Anchor. Thus, Case Y would be a 3D case if Case X above Cited Y, which in turn cited the Network Anchor Case. Please note that the 3D case number includes the all the 2D+1D cases.
DOD stands for "Degree of Dissent". The DOD of an individual case is calculated based on its vote for outcome, as specified by the Supreme Court Database (Spaeth). Since a 5-4 decision is the maximum amount of dissent possible in a SCOTUS case, it has a DOD of 1.0. Conversely, a 9-0 case has a DOD of 0. This means that an 8-1 decision has a 0.25 DOD, a 7-2 has a 0.50 DOD, and a 6-3 has a 0.75 DOD. To calculate DOD, the number of dissents is multiplied by 0.25 (thus a 6-2 case would still have a 0.50 DOD).
2D DOD is the average DOD for all the 2D cases.
3D DOD is the average DOD for all the 3D cases.
tb stands for "too big" and appears when a 3D network contains more than 70 cases. See Method below for further explanation.
RETURN TO TOP

Method

Each network was created by the researcher using the free tool on CourtListener. Choice of the Network Anchor Case was based on a reading of the opinion and relevant SCOTUSBlog entry. The textual justification for the Network Anchor Case choice is provided in the visualization's "Description" field. Once an Anchor Case is chosen, the citation networks are generated automatically by the software.

Limitations. Pleast note that the tool does not allow for citation networks with more than 70 cases in them. If a 3D network has more than 70 cases, the tool will return the 2D network only (in the table, "tb" will appear in the 3D column). Finally,since citations between cases are all parsed by computer, the tool does experience occasional data errors. The most common error is for the parser to fail to recognize non-standard cites to recent cases.

Contact

This collection of 2016 Term cases was created as part of the Supreme Court Mapping Project. We welcome feedback and will link networks you create on CourtListener to visualizations presented in this table. Reach us by email.

RETURN TO TOP

2016 Term SCOTUS Networks

2016 Term Statistics

Network Terminology

Method

Contact