The following quote is from a recent decision of the North Carolina Supreme Court

Last clear chance is one of our most agonizingly complex legal doctrines.

In Gunter v. Wicker, 85 N.C. 310, which appears to have been the first case applying the last clear chance doctrine in North Carolina, Smith, C. J., observed that "there is great difficulty in extracting from the numerous adjudications of the courts any clear and distinct principle or formula determining when the cooperating agency of the plaintiff so directly contributes to the result as to deprive him of remedy against the other party to whose negligence the injury is attributable."   The passage of time has not removed this difficulty.   In Prosser, Law of Torts, 3d Ed., §  65, it is said of the doctrine of the last clear chance:

"No very satisfactory reason for the rule ever has been suggested.  * * * The application of the doctrine has been attended with much confusion.  * * * It is quite literally true that there are as many variant forms and applications of this doctrine as there are jurisdictions which apply it.  * * * In such a general area of confusion and disagreement, only very general statements can be offered, and reference must of necessity be made to the law of each particular state."