Machiavelli
The Prince

Preface
1 The Various Kinds of Government
and the Ways by Which They Are Established
2 Of Hereditary Monarchies
3 Of Mixed Monarchies
4 Why the Kingdom of Darius, Occupied by Alexander,
Did Not Rebel Against the Successors of the Latter
After His Death
5 The Way to Govern Cities or Dominions That,
Previous to Being Occupied, Lived Under Their Own Laws
6 Of New Dominions Which Have
Been Acquired by One’s Own Arms and Ability
7 Of New Dominions Acquired
by the Power of Others or by Fortune
8 Of Those Who Have Attained
the Position of Prince by Villainy
9 Of the Civic Principality
10 How the Strength of All States Should Be Measured
11 Of Ecclesiastical Principalities
12 The Different Kinds of Militia and Mercenary Soldiers
l3 Of Auxiliary, Mixed, and Native Troops
14 The Duties of a Prince with Regard to the Militia
15 Of the Things for Which Men,
and Especially Princes, Are Praised or Blamed
16 Of Liberality and Niggardliness
17 Of Cruelty and Clemency,
and Whether It Is Better to Be Loved or Feared
18 In What Way Princes Must Keep Faith
19 That We Must Avoid Being Despised and Hated
20 Whether Fortresses and Other Things
Which Princes Often Contrive Are Useful or Injurious
21 How a Prince Must Act in Order to Gain Reputation
22 Of the Secretaries of Princes
23 How Flatterers Must Be Shunned
24 Why the Princes of Italy Have Lost Their States
25 How Much Fortune Can Do
in Human Affairs and How It May Be Opposed
26 Exhortation to Liberate Italy from the Barbarians