Belief faith ….Dogma from the 1. Pope. 2. Morman religious head. Parents. Some professors consider themselves to be!

But not psychologists (except for Freud).

But not scientific minded ones.

Physician (at one time was)

Expert authority: can be checked.

B. Intuitive source of authority (intuitive appeal),

C. Common sense

D. Scientific approach : must have falsifiable theory (explanations) Must be dis-provable.

Goals of science :

Ed Locke (UM) Goal setting. People are motivated to achieve set goals.

1. Observervation:

2. Describe the observations: (descriptive stats) ..correlations

3. Explanation (Theory) (Inducted)

4. Prediction (deduction) (Hypothesis to test the theory if…then

Hyp: If employees set a goal they will produce more than those who don’t

Refines the theory. Must be realistic goals. Give one group an impossible goal and the other group a realistic ..i.e. reachable goal (something one thinks she can do).

Hyp: The mean of performance of the "realistic goal group" willl be significantly higher the mean of the impossible goal group

Results support the hypothesis

Refine it more: Self set goals are more effective than those set by others (theory)

Hyp: the mean performance of the self –set goal group will be higher than the other set goal group

Results: Not supported!

5. Control

Realistic?